The participle work like both a verb of and an adjective, it is also called verbal adjective
There are three Kind of participle
Present participle (Verb+“ing”)
- He is reading a news paper.
- Reading novel is a fun.
- He likes readings books.
- Look at the reading girl.
- He saw me reading.
Past Participle (third form of verb)
- He has forgotten the books.
- A house is built.
- A house was built.
- The car washed yesterday is blue.
- She had her car washed.
Prefect Participle (Having + Past participle)
- Having read the book, the boy came out of the room. (One action happened after the other
- Predicative use = (he came running to me)
- Attributive use = (The river has flowing water)
- Absolute use = Good wiling, we shall win the match
Participle of concession
- Living from hand to mouth, he yet maintain his self respect
Participle of time
- Going to temple I dropped my purse somewhere.
- Having finishing my task, I returned from the ground.
Some past participle work like both verb and Adjective. like
- Here is a broken car.
- Where is the car broken by the paddler?
- She wants a written statement.
- This is a letter written by him.
Participle of reason
- Being tired, I couldn't walk any farther.
Participle of condition
- Turning to right you will see the hotel.
Participle and active voice
- This is our guest room.
- There was no drinking water.
- Don’t get down a running bus.
Mostly the past participle are used in passive voice like
- Learn the lesson taught by him.
- I live in the house gifted by you.
- I love the book written by you.
Past participle used as pure adjective like
Some past participle used as like pure adjective, not like past participle
Like
- Drunken( drunk ) man,
- (Melted) Molten lave,
- (bound) bounden duty
- ,Shrunk (shrunken face) ,
Some rules how to use correct participles
There must be any noun or pronoun (to qualify) before participle because it always work like an adjective Never use unattached participle- Being a rainy day, school remained closed.
- Being a hot day, I did not go to market.
There is a use of “being” is wrong because there is no any noun or pronoun to qualify , to use the right participle there must be any noun or pronoun before participle like
- It being a rainy day, college remains closed.
- It being a hot day, I did not go to market.
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